Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), a prevalent medical issue, predominantly impact women, infants, and the elderly. They rank as the second most common type of infection in humans, with approximately one in two women and one in 20 men experiencing a UTI at some point in their lives. UTIs can affect various components of the urinary tract, encompassing the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra, collectively constituting the body's plumbing and waste disposal system.
The urinary system's design aims to minimise the risk of kidney infections by preventing urine from refluxing back into the kidneys from the bladder. While most UTIs remain localised in the bladder and typically present with symptoms, they are generally non-life-threatening. However, if left untreated, UTIs can escalate to severe health complications, particularly if the infection spreads to the kidneys.
Certain individuals face a heightened risk of UTI development, including women, individuals with urinary catheters, those with diabetes, and men with prostate issues. Factors such as female hormones, menstrual cycle fluctuations, pregnancy, menopause, or hysterectomy can influence urine acidity, promoting favourable conditions for bacterial growth. Sexually active women are particularly susceptible as sexual activity can introduce bacteria into the urethra.
Common symptoms of UTIs include frequent and urgent urination, burning or painful urination, a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, pelvic pain, and presence of blood in the urine. Additional symptoms like chills, fever, and lower back pain may manifest if the infection progresses to the kidneys.
If you experience any potential UTI symptoms, seek advice from a pharmacist. They can provide guidance on treatments or refer you to a doctor if necessary. However, prevention remains paramount, with adequate hydration being crucial to flushing out the urinary system. While there's no specific daily water intake recommendation, ensuring that thirst is consistently quenched is a good guideline. Additionally, practicing proper hygiene and discussing preventative measures with a pharmacist can help reduce the risk of UTIs.
